The Sowers of the Thunder
Introduction
Baibars, also known as Sultan Baybars (full name: Al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari), was a powerful ruler of Egypt and Syria during the Mamluk Sultanate period, ruling from 1260 until his death in 1277. Baibars started as a slave, but he rose through the military ranks to become a commander of the Mamluks in Egypt. He is perhaps most known for halting the Mongol Empire's westward expansion by defeating them at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260. Additionally, as a ruler, Baibars showed his effectiveness by strengthening Sunni Muslim influence, promoting trade and agriculture, and building numerous institutions across his realm.
Baibars is a central figure in Robert E. Howard's historical fiction short story The Sowers of the Thunder, originally published in Oriental Stories in the Winter of 1932. The story unfolds in the Crusader states (Outremer) during Baibars' time and centers around the complex relationship between Baibars and Cahal Ruadh O'Donnell, an Irish Crusader with a troubled past who is a typical Howardian hero. This tale stands out for its blend of historical fact and fiction, with actual historical figures and events—such as Baibars, Walter of Brienne, Al-Mansur, the Siege of Jerusalem (1244), and the Battle of La Forbie—interwoven with imagined elements, like the character of Cahal, a deposed "King of Ireland."
The Sowers of the Thunder captures the tragic and heroic nature of the era, spotlighting the protagonist's superhuman strength and determination in the face of a harsh and relentless world. The story was created at the suggestion of Farnsworth Wright, who proposed that Howard should write a story about Baibars. The resulting tale is a testament to Howard's signature blend of historical detail, epic storytelling, and imaginative creation.
The story was probably finished in May 1931 and he sent it to Oriental Stories on July 6, 1931. It took over a year before it saw print. Howard got $160 for this story.
Textual states
Shown in a practical developmental order where possible: synopsis/outline, numbered drafts, submission states, then published or posthumous states. This display order does not itself assert exact chronology or textual authority.
From the letters:
In a letter (#172) written to Tevis Clyde Smith, circa August 1931 we learn:
Then Farnsworth asked to see it again, when he accepted my “The Sowers of the Thunder” for Oriental Stories. In his latest letter he accepted it for $40. Not much money, but in this case I wasn’t really thinking about the money and he could have had the story for nothing, if he’d made me that proposition. I’d have given it to him free, just to get it in print. Now I’ve got to get hold of something on the Big Tatar and try to pound out a novelet; I’ve been thinking of writing a tale about him for a long time. And Babar the Tiger who established the Mogul rule in India — and the imperial phase in the life of Baibars the Panther, the subject of my last story — and the rise of the Ottomans — and the conquest of Constantinople by the Fifth Crusade — and the subjugation of the Turks by the Arabs in the days of Abu Bekr — and the gradual supplanting of the Arab masters by their Turkish slaves which culminated in the conquest of Asia Minor and Palestine by the Seljuks — and the rise of Saladin — and the final destruction of Christian Outremer by Al Kalawun — and the first Crusade — Godfrey of Bouillon, Baldwin of Boulogne, Bohemund — Sigurd the Jorsala-farer — Barbarossa — Coeur de Lion. Ye gods, I could write a century and still have only tapped the reservoir of dramatic possibilities. I wish to Hell I had a dozen markets for historical fiction — I’d never write anything else.
The story that was accepted for $40 was 'The Thing on the Roof'.
'Sowers' is referred to in a letter (#173) to HPL:
Thanks for commenting on my energy in writing — but honestly, I’m provokingly indolent. I work in bursts and spurts. I may turn out a month’s output in a few days, and then loaf for weeks. I sell so little, though, that I have to produce a great deal in order to make a living at all. Just before Mr. Wright left on his vacation he took a long story for Oriental’s, which he had requested — a yarn dealing with Baibars the Panther. The readers seem to like my historical tales, for some reason or other, and I’m duly grateful, for I love to write historic fiction, puerile though my efforts may be.
Another letter to Tevis Clyde Smith (#195) written in March 1932, gives us:
Glad you liked the Roof business and the Sowers stuff. I’ve had quite a few praises on the Sowers thing, but don’t know whether they’ll get into the Souk. Likely not.
And again to HPL (letter #203) from April 1932:
By the way, Wright thought well enough of my yarn, “The Sowers of the Thunder” published in the current Oriental Stories, to advertise it in Asia. It deals with Baibars the Panther, and the overthrow of the last Christian army in Outremer: a magnificently dramatic historical episode which I fear I have failed by a long way to do justice. I’ll swear, I’ve written of Christian armies being defeated by Moslems until my blood fairly seethes with rage. Some day I must write of the success of the earlier Crusades to gratify my racial vanity.
To Tevis again (letter #204) circa May 1932:
By the way Farnsworth advertised my Baibars yarn in Asia which, I guess, is about as near the smooth papers as I’ll ever get.
Yet another to Clyde Smith (letter #206), circa May 1932:
Did you notice what a hand I got in The Souk on “The Sowers of the Thunder”? I’m sincerely amazed. I knew it was a pretty good yarn, but I didn’t have any idea the readers would go for it like they seem to have done. There must be more folks interested in historical episodes than is generally thought. Kirk Mashburn, a damned good writer, wrote and told me I should have sold it to Adventure — of which he says he hasn’t missed a copy since he found one in a deserted stretch of Florida Everglades many years ago. But if I’d sent it to Adventure, they’d have returned it unread, same as usual. Anyway, Farnsworth suggested the story and asked for it.
And to Lovecraft on 24th of May, 1932 (letter #208):
If you haven’t already obtained a copy of Oriental Stories, containing my “Sowers of the Thunder”, I’ll be more than glad to lend you mine.
Sources and links
- Wikipedia - The Sowers of Thunder
- Roy G. Krenkel - teaser image
Characters in this Work
Counts are across exact Textual Versions currently represented. They are not assumed exhaustive until the underlying texts have been analyzed.
Publication appearances
Oriental Stories Volume 2 number 1Popular Fiction Publishing CompanyWinter 1932↗
The Sowers of the ThunderDonald M. Grant1973↗
The Sowers of the ThunderZebraMarch 1975↗
The Sowers of the ThunderSphere1977↗
Terra Fantasy 42: Die Bestie von Bal-Sagoth (The Beast of Bal-Sagoth)Erich Pabel Verlag KGDecember 1977 August 1980 (2nd printing)↗
The Sowers of the ThunderAce Books1979↗
Sonya la RougeNeOJuly 1985↗
Sonya la RougeFleuve NoirApril 1992↗
Врата империи (Vrata imperii) ( Gates of Empire ) P ublication information courtesy of the Russian website Laboratory of Fantasy .Северо-Запад (Severo-Zapad) (North-West)1998↗
Бурй Над Ориента (Bury Nad Orienta) (Storms Over the Orient)Елф (ELF)2001↗
Cобрания Cочинений Том 6. Повелитель Самарканда (Cobraniia Cochinenii Tom 6. Povelitel- Samarkanda) (Collected Works Volume 6. Lord of Samarkand) Cover and p ublication information courtesy of the Russian website Laboratory of Fantasy .Терра — Книжный клуб (Terra - Book Club) Северо-Запад (Severo-Zapad) (North-West)2004↗
Gates of Empire and Other Tales of the CrusadesWildside PressJune 2004↗
Lord of Samarcand and Other Adventure Tales of the Old OrientUniversity of Nebraska Press - Bison BooksApril 2005↗
Oriental Stories Volume 2 Number 1Girasol CollectablesAugust 2006↗
Gates of Empire and Other Tales of the CrusadesWildside PressSeptember 2006↗
The Exotic Writings of Robert E. HowardGirasol CollectablesOctober 2006↗
The Complete ORIENTAL STORIES Volume 3Girasol CollectablesNovember 2007↗
Oriental Stories Volume 2 Number 1Wildside PressJanuary 2008↗
Oriental Stories Volume 2 Number 2Wildside PressJanuary 2008↗
The Sowers of the ThunderDodo PressFebruary 2008↗
Le Seigneur de Samarcande (The Lord of Samarcand)BragelonneJuly 2009↗
Lord of Samarcand and Other AdventuresHalcyon Press, Ltd.December 2009↗
The Sowers of the Thunder and Other StoriesBenediction ClassicsJune 2010 ( Trade Paperback ) February 2012 (Hardcover)↗
The Robert E. Howard Omnibus: 99 Collected StoriesHalcyon Press, Ltd.May 2010↗
Conan's BrethrenGollanczJanuary 2011↗
Sword Woman and Other Historical AdventuresBallantine Books - Del ReyJanuary 2011↗
Остров смерти (Ostrov smerti) (Death Island) Cover and p ublication information courtesy of the Russian website Laboratory of Fantasy .Книжный Клуб Книговек (Knizhnyi Klub Knigovek) (Book Club Knigovek ) Северо-Запад (Severo-Zapad) (North-West)2011↗
Oriental Stories: Five Complete NovelettesNuelow GamesFebruary 2012↗
The Sowers of the Thunder and Other StoriesOxford City PressFebruary 2012↗
Le Seigneur de Samarcande. Les Faucons d'OutremerBragelonneMarch 2013↗
Los halcones de Ultramar y otras narraciones de las Cruzadas (The Hawks of Outremer and Other Tales of the Crusades)La Hermandad del Enmascarado (Spain)July 2013↗
Fekete Turlogh és a kelták (Black Turlogh and the Celts)Delta Vision Kft.November 2014↗
Il signore di Samarcanda e altre storie orientaliElaraJanuary 2018↗
Oriental Stories Volume 2 Number 1Fiction House PressAugust 2018↗
Le seigneur de SamarcandeLe Livre de PocheApril 2020↗
Die Traum-Kobra (The Cobra in the Dream)Apex VerlagNovember 2020 (Hardcover) May 2018 ( Paperback ) May 2018 (eBook)↗
Хозяин судьбы (Khoziain sud-by) (Master of Fate) Cover and p ublication information courtesy of the Russian website Laboratory of Fantasy .Подсолнухи (Sunflowers)2021↗
Oriental Stories Volume 2 Number 1Adventure HouseNovember 2022↗
Dark Agnes e Outras HistóriasPipoca e NanquimJanuary 2026↗