The Treasure of Tranicos is L. Sprague de Camp's rewrite of Howard's Conan story The Black Stranger. Howard himself had earlier reworked The Black Stranger into the Terence Vulmea story Swords of the Red Brotherhood after the Conan version failed to sell.

De Camp later reshaped the Conan version as The Treasure of Tranicos. For publication in Fantasy Magazine #1, the story was abridged and edited by de Camp and further revised by Lester del Rey.