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        ← Back to Characters
        Works✓Poetry✓Letters✓Characters✓
        Human · Fictional / created

        the old Indian

        unnamed village patriarch who takes Gordon and Allison’s horses

        Kind
        Human
        Historicity
        Fictional / created

        Works

        The Shunned CastlePrimary text
        the old IndianOn Page · first: Early Adventures of El Borak UE pp. 153–158

        Poetry

        Poetry appearances come from the exhaustive exact-state census of all 765 currently catalogued Poetry textual states.

        Correspondence

        ABOUT THE CATALOGUE

        REH Writings
        guide & credits

        A searchable research catalogue of Robert E. Howard’s writings and the people, animals, vessels and other story entities found in them—built for REH readers and fans as well as editors and scholars.

        702 catalogued Works709 catalogued Poems917 catalogued Letters4,999 catalogued Characters
        START HEREWhat REH Writings is

        The REH Writings plugin brings together permanent identities for Howard’s prose Works and Poetry, their distinct textual states, correspondence to and from Howard, title and name forms, dates, manuscript witnesses, publication appearances and Characters.

        It is a catalogue and research guide rather than a claim that every record is finished or that every surviving text is reproduced here. Coverage grows as reliable sources and exact texts are reviewed.

        WORKS & POETRYCompositions and textual states

        A Work is the underlying composition. One Work may survive in several Textual Versions: drafts, submitted or final typescripts, false starts, fragments, synopses, outlines, published versions or later revisions.

        • Search Howard and publication titles, manuscript titles, bylines or pseudonyms, and TSS numbers.
        • Filter by form, genre, written or published year, and recorded income.
        • Open a Work to see its textual family; open one state to inspect its exact Characters, publications and manuscript evidence.
        • The catalogue’s primary/default state is a navigation choice, not an automatic declaration of textual authority.
        • Poetry Character/entity coverage is exact-state exhaustive: all 765 currently catalogued Poetry textual states have an explicit reviewed census, including states with no qualifying entities.
        LETTERSCorrespondence, dates and participants

        Letters are correspondence documents rather than merely another publication format. The catalogue can include letters from Howard, letters to Howard, and third-party correspondence that substantially mentions Howard.

        • Filter by direction, correspondent and year, or search public extracts, subjects, letter state and TSS references.
        • Exact, circa, uncertain, before/after, date-range and postmark evidence retain their source wording instead of being collapsed to a guessed day.
        • Every distinct surviving draft, unsent or sent text is a Letter of its own; reviewed draft/later relationships remain visible. Edited printed transcriptions and original TSS pages are source evidence rather than extra Letters.
        • A complete transcription or facsimile appears only when permission and an individual user capability both allow it; restricted text is never included in public search or page HTML.
        CHARACTERSPeople, animals, vessels and names

        “Character” is the catalogue’s broad story-entity term. It includes humans, historical people, animals, ships and vessels, supernatural beings and other identifiable entities.

        • Search canonical names, aliases, nicknames, spellings and draft-specific name forms. Enable Include contextual mentions when you want broader discovery through descriptions, appearance roles and Letter context.
        • Combine Kind, Historicity, Species / type and Role / occupation filters, then limit “Found in” to Works, Poetry or Letters.
        • Appearances are tied to exact Textual Versions or correspondence roles, so a Character found in one draft or letter is not silently asserted to occur elsewhere.
        • The same name never proves the same identity. Howard reused names, while one developing Character may also change name between drafts.

        Appearance totals outside a completed exact-state audit report the evidence currently reviewed and are not always an exhaustive census of every surviving state. Poetry pages explicitly identify when the live Poetry audit still matches the complete current textual-state set.

        MANUSCRIPTSTypescripts and TSS numbers

        A TSS number is a catalogue reference for a physical manuscript or typescript unit. It is not a Work ID, a Textual Version ID or necessarily a draft number. Several TSS units may belong to one surviving textual witness.

        • You can enter a TSS number in Writings search to find its catalogued Work and state.
        • Exact manuscript features—such as strikeouts, insertions, page order, authorial corrections, bylines and wording changes—are recorded only when the available evidence supports them.
        • First Cuts or direct manuscript/typescript evidence can support page-level detail. An overview catalogue or spreadsheet may establish that a unit exists without proving everything written on its pages.
        SOURCESWhere the information comes from

        The catalogue began with earlier REH World Stories records and Howard Works (howardworks.com) bibliographic evidence, then reconciled those records into stable Work and Textual Version identities. Publication records and Contents are supplied through the companion REH Publications catalogue.

        Textual and Character research is expanded from reviewed source material, including:

        • Howard’s surviving manuscripts, typescripts and carbons, together with documented TSS catalogue evidence;
        • REH Foundation Press First Cuts volumes, which preserve draft and manuscript detail;
        • REH Foundation Press Ultimate Editions, used as restored reading-edition witnesses for the practical final/final-submission state;
        • original magazine, pulp and other publication texts when publication evidence is the available textual source;
        • source notes, bibliographies and other reviewed research used to reconcile titles, dates, relationships and surviving states.

        Source data is treated as evidence to be reviewed and reconciled, not as something to copy blindly. Documented manuscript holdings represented in these sources include material associated with the Glenn Lord collection at the University of Texas at Austin, the Robert E. Howard collection at Texas A&M University and the typescript collection at Cross Plains Library. A catalogue entry does not imply that every physical page has been directly inspected.

        Correspondence sources represented in the live Letter catalogue

        This list is generated from the retained source provenance, so it grows automatically as reviewed Letter sources are added.

        • "So Far the Poet . . ." and Other Writings
          16 source states · Edited Excerpt, Edited Transcription
        • “New” Letter from Herbert Klatt
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • A Means to Freedom, second softcover edition (2017)
          102 source states · Edited Transcription
        • Amra
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • Collected Letters of Robert E. Howard, second edition
          373 source states · Edited Transcription
        • Crypt of Cthulhu #63
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • Dawnward Spire, Lonely Hill: The Letters of H. P. Lovecraft and Clark Ashton Smith
          57 source states · Edited Transcription
        • Dime Sports Magazine Volume 2 Number 6
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • E. Hoffmann Price → H. P. Lovecraft supplied transcription
          42 source states · Edited Transcription
        • Essential Solitude: The Letters of H. P. Lovecraft and August Derleth
          43 source states · Edited Transcription
        • Glenn Lord bibliography / archived REH Two-Gun Raconteur posting
          1 source state · Edited Excerpt
        • Glenn Lord’s Ultima Thule
          3 source states · Edited Transcription
        • H. P. Lovecraft: Letters to E. Hoffmann Price and Richard F. Searight
          45 source states · Edited Transcription
        • Harold Preece and Robert E. Howard
          7 source states · Edited Excerpt
        • Herbert C. Klatt — letters and biographical notes prepared by Rob Roehm
          9 source states · Edited Transcription
        • Herbert C. Klatt — letters and memorial correspondence prepared by Rob Roehm
          2 source states · Edited Transcription
        • Howard History
          3 source states · Edited Excerpt
        • Howard History — The Vinson Papers
          4 source states · Edited Excerpt
        • Legacy reh.world Letters archive
          31 source states · Legacy Web Record
        • Locus #433
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • Lone Scout of Letters
          4 source states · Edited Transcription
        • Magazine of Horror #14
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • Mooney’s Musings — Rob Roehm
          5 source states · Edited Excerpt
        • Nyctalops #6
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • One Who Walked Alone: Robert E. Howard, The Final Years
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • Return to Wonder #8
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter
          39 source states · Edited Excerpt, Edited Transcription
          28 represented issues/editions
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 2 Number 2
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 3 Number 3
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 4 Number 1
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 4 Number 2
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 4 Number 4
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 5 Number 2
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 5 Number 3
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 5 Number 4
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 6 Number 3
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 6 Number 4
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 7 Number 3
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 8 Number 1
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 8 Number 2
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 11 Numbers 1 and 2
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 11 Numbers 3 and 4
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 16 Number 2
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 16 Number 3
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 16 Number 4
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 17 Number 1
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 17 Number 3
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 17 Number 4
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 18 Number 1
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 18 Number 2
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 18 Number 3
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 18 Number 4
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 19 Number 3
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 19 Number 4
          • Robert E. Howard Foundation Newsletter Volume 20 Number 1
        • Star-Studded Comics #15
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • Sword & Fantasy #11
          11 source states · Edited Excerpt
        • The Collected Letters of Doctor Isaac M. Howard
          146 source states · Edited Excerpt, Edited Transcription
        • The Howard Collector
          7 source states · Edited Transcription
        • The Howard Collector #11 (Volume 2 Number 5)
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • The Howard Collector #15
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • The Howard Collector #7 (Volume 2 Number 1)
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • The Howard Collector #8
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • The Science Fiction Collector #14
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        • The Selected Letters of Novalyne Price Ellis
          11 source states · Edited Transcription
        • The Selected Letters of Novalyne Price Ellis, Volume II
          72 source states · Edited Transcription
        • Yorick Fantasy Magazine 6/7
          1 source state · Edited Transcription
        CREDITS & ACKNOWLEDGMENTSProject and research foundations

        REH Writings is created and maintained by Ståle Gismervik for reh.world. The catalogue is built on decades of bibliographic, textual, archival and editorial work by the Robert E. Howard research community.

        Major source foundations currently represented include:

        • Howard Works (howardworks.com), an important bibliographic foundation for title and publication evidence;
        • the Robert E. Howard Foundation and REH Foundation Press, including First Cuts and Ultimate Editions used in exact-text research;
        • the live Correspondence sources listed above, including The Collected Letters of Robert E. Howard and every additional reviewed Letter source currently represented;
        • surviving manuscript, typescript and TSS evidence represented by material associated with the Glenn Lord collection at the University of Texas at Austin, the Robert E. Howard collection at Texas A&M University and the typescript collection at Cross Plains Library;
        • original magazines, books and other primary publication witnesses;
        • the companion REH Publications catalogue on reh.world for publication records and Contents relationships.

        Individual records retain source and provenance where available. Researchers, editors, collectors and readers can be credited at the relevant source or record level when a specific contribution is known, rather than forcing every contribution into one undifferentiated master list.

        SEARCHINGUseful ways to explore
        • Try a familiar published title even when Howard used another title; reviewed title forms remain searchable.
        • Search a pseudonym or credited byline such as a publication-supplied name.
        • Search a TSS number without needing to know its Work, poem or letter title.
        • Character search is forgiving about middle initials and word order: Robert Barlow can find Robert H. Barlow.
        • Use -word to exclude a term: Abdullah -Khan keeps Abdullah matches but removes results matching Khan. Use -"exact phrase" to exclude a phrase.
        • Use quotation marks for a required phrase and +word when a term must be present. Keep structured questions such as Kind, Historicity and Role in the existing filters rather than building a complex Boolean query.
        • Use correspondent shortcuts for Tevis Clyde Smith, H. P. Lovecraft, Novalyne Price and other frequently represented people.
        • Combine filters: for example, a genre and year under Works, From REH plus a correspondent under Letters, or Historical / real + Letters only under Characters.
        • Open result cards for the full evidence. Compact cards deliberately summarize rather than reproduce the complete record.
        INTERPRETATIONHow evidence is treated
        • No one source is automatically best for every question. A Howard typescript may be strongest for authorial wording; a pulp proves what readers received; a restored edition may best represent the normalized final reading text.
        • Missing pages or an incomplete source cannot prove that a Character or passage was absent from the missing material.
        • A publication relationship applies to the whole Work unless the evidence identifies one exact Textual Version.
        • Stable identities are corrected conservatively: evidence is preserved, same-title and same-name records are not merged by guesswork, and uncertain points remain identified as uncertain.
        DEVELOPMENT HISTORY

        REH Writings
        changelog

        A running record of public catalogue, editorial, research and migration changes. The newest release is shown first.

        0.82.38-alphaCorrespondence live-relation audit authorityCURRENT
        • Add the first consolidated Collected Letters Volumes 1–3 selected recovery / closure-preparation package after reconciling the 373-source corpus against the 0.82.37 live relation map. The bundle stages 388 positive Letter↔Character relations across 139 Letters, representing the 297-row reviewed first pass that never became permanent, 64 additional safe existing-ID reuses, and 27 mentions for 18 new historical identity candidates.
        • Keep this package explicitly selected, not exhaustive. It creates no negative-evidence claim while dense quoted/embedded-text boundary cases and the historical-boxer Abie Goldstein same-name collision remain held.
        • Add Collected Letters intake → Selected Character/entity recovery · closure preparation. The button stages the bundled JSON into the existing Review & authority → Letter extracts & indexed entities workflow; no parallel importer is introduced and repeated clicks reopen the retained staged package instead of duplicating it.
        • All 139 targeted source declarations retain the authority hashes and source_completeness=complete values from the reviewed 373-Letter source package. The bundle contains no complete Letter text, no public extract body, and no facsimile/media data.
        • Schema remains unchanged.
        0.82.37-alpha2026-08-31
        • Tighten the consolidated 917-Letter correspondence census after the first 0.82.36 live map exposed a critical distinction between retained research proposals and what actually migrated: the 373 Collected Letters sources retain 855 historical proposal rows across earlier packages, but only 591 active Letter/entity relations are currently live. Proposal history is therefore never used as a substitute for permanent relation state.
        • Upgrade Review & authority → Letter extracts & indexed entities → Download live Letter/Character map to format 1.2. The export now includes every authoritative active Letter↔Character relation with permanent relation ID, Letter ID, exact source-item ID/source key, Character ID, observed display name, role, certainty, sort order and retained relation-provenance key. No complete Letter text, restricted transcription or extract body is exported.
        • Preserve the 0.82.36 per-Letter/source research-completeness and extract/count metadata, while adding active_entity_relations to the top-level coverage summary. Future exhaustive batches can now subtract the rows that truly exist rather than stale/deferred/rejected package proposals.
        • Fix a documentary closure bug in Letter extracts & indexed entities: a declaration-only package with coverage.entity_census=exhaustive, resolved Letter/source targets, no Character identities and no extract/entity/profile proposals can now be explicitly promoted through the existing APPLY LETTER RESEARCH authority action. This records reviewed exhaustive-zero closure without writing or modifying any permanent Letter, Character or relation row. Ordinary empty/selected packages are not eligible.
        • Add a dedicated Promote exhaustive zero-entity closure action only when that narrow declaration-only gate is satisfied. Mixed/positive packages continue through the ordinary identity/proposal review and apply workflow. No parallel importer is introduced.
        • This release changes no permanent catalogue data and does not yet claim any Letter exhaustive. It is the authoritative subtraction/negative-closure foundation for the source-by-source 917-Letter audit. Schema remains 3.12.1.
        0.82.36-alpha2026-08-31
        • Begin the post-Poetry Correspondence completeness phase without changing any permanent Letter, Character, source, extract or rights data.
        • Upgrade Review & authority → Letter extracts & indexed entities → Download live Letter/Character map to reference-map format 1.1. The export now carries per-Letter public-extract presence/renderability metadata, source/participant/entity/publication/media/text/related-Work/TSS counts, and the source representation/page fields needed for a consolidated live audit. Complete Letter or restricted text is still never exported.
        • Recover the previously retained but unexposed coverage.entity_census history from every promoted Letter-research package. Each stable Letter/source declaration is classified as exhaustive_complete, exhaustive_partial, selected_complete, or selected_partial; selected/partial research remains positive evidence only and can never become negative evidence.
        • Add Letter-level rollups for the best promoted research status and exact-source coverage, plus a top-level coverage summary and compact promoted-package history. This makes deliberately exhaustive zero-entity Letters distinguishable from Letters that simply have no indexed entities yet.
        • The richer map is the handoff for the next consolidated audit of the current live correspondence catalogue. No schema change; schema remains 3.12.1.
        0.82.35-alpha2026-08-31
        • Complete the Collected Poetry public QA/cutover pass after the verified 765/765 exact-state Character/entity census and the 0.82.34 John Morrissey identity repair. No new research package or permanent-data migration is introduced.
        • Add a runtime Poetry census guard that reads the four bundled exact-state audit layers and compares their Text IDs with every currently active live Poetry Text ID. Exhaustive frontend wording appears only when the sets are equal with zero overlap, zero missing live states and zero stale audited states; a future unaudited Poetry state automatically reopens the public completeness status.
        • Replace the research-era Poetry Work warning that Character counts were “not assumed exhaustive.” When the runtime guard passes, Poetry Work pages now state that the census is exhaustive across the exact catalogued states for that Work.
        • Make exhaustive-negative evidence visible to readers: a Poetry Work or exact Poetry Text with no qualifying individual Characters/entities now shows an explicit reviewed zero result instead of silently omitting the Character section.
        • Mark exact Poetry Text Character sections as exhaustively reviewed and explain the established boundary: generic lyric speakers/addressees, collectives, places and purely metaphorical allusions are not manufactured into permanent Characters.
        • Add the completed Poetry census status to the Poetry column on Character detail and to About & Credits, while retaining the broader evidence-limited wording for prose/correspondence areas that are not covered by the Poetry closure.
        • Add data/poetry-public-cutover-qa-2026-08-31.json. Against the fresh live brief it confirms 709 unique Poetry Works / 765 unique textual states / 709 primary states / 56 non-primary states, exactly one primary/default state per Work, zero blank Work titles, and exact four-layer 765 = 372 + 115 + 56 + 222 state-set equality with no overlap or omissions.
        • Search/filter query construction, Poetry publication relationships, opening-line metadata, alternate-state identity, public layouts and schema remain otherwise unchanged. Schema remains 3.12.1.
        0.82.34-alpha2026-08-31
        • Verify the completed Collected Poetry Character/entity closure against the fresh post-0.82.33 live research brief: 709 Poetry Works / 765 textual states, all 150/150 expected final-package appearance rows present exactly once, and zero global duplicate Character↔Text pairs.
        • Confirm the four exact-state audit layers cover the same 765/765 live Poetry Text IDs with zero overlap and zero uncovered state.
        • Add data/poetry-character-live-closure-verification-2026-08-31.json preserving the fresh live-brief hashes, corpus/delta counts, 150/150 appearance verification, four-layer 765-state set equality, and the final identity findings.
        • Correct the bundled positive-principal closure identity authority for two historical prizefighters in *Down the Ages*: Tom Sayers → permanent Character #3678 and John Morrissey → permanent Character #3632. The corrected bundle remains 136 identity entries / 150 appearances / 222 exhaustive states, now 59 direct permanent-ID reuses + 77 new proposals.
        • Add a guarded, reversible John Morrissey #4947 → #3632 live repair on Collected Poetry intake for installations that already migrated the 0.82.33 proposal. It runs only when #4947 is still the exact active historical Human duplicate and its complete source appearance scope remains solely Text #2209 *Down the Ages*; the existing Character merge-history snapshot/undo mechanism is used.
        • Keep Bayezid unresolved rather than guessing a merge: the poem *Nisapur* names an Ottoman Bayezid riding from Stamboul, but the exact wording does not establish which already-catalogued Ottoman Bayazid identity Howard intended.
        • No Poetry state, appearance census, publication history, frontend layout or schema change. Schema remains 3.12.1.
        0.82.33-alpha2026-08-31
        • Complete the final Collected Poetry positive-principal Character/entity completeness audit across the 222 principal textual states that were still selected/additive after earlier Poetry batches: 52 Volume 1 + 32 Volume 2 + 138 Volume 3.
        • Add data/poetry-character-positive-principal-exhaustive-closure-2026-08-31.json: 136 package identity entries / 150 genuinely missing appearance rows across 59 under-counted states, comprising 57 safe permanent-ID reuse entries + 79 ordinary new-identity proposals. The other 163 states need no additional appearance rows.
        • Preserve the original complete-state source authority for all 222 analysis rows: their retained SHA-256 source hash and word count are unchanged, and every row is explicitly source_completeness=complete + character_census=exhaustive.
        • Add data/poetry-character-positive-principal-closure-audit-2026-08-31.json, recording an explicit exhaustive positive disposition for all 222 states and the number of missing appearances added where applicable.
        • The final Poetry exact-state closure is now fully represented by reviewable packages: 709 principal states = 487 previously exhaustive + 222 final positive-principal states, plus 56 separately audited non-principal states = 765/765 catalogued Poetry textual states after normal authority review/migration.
        • Keep identity boundaries conservative: permanent IDs are reused only where the exact principal wording establishes the same individual; alternate-only figures are not projected into principal states, same-name strings are not merged by spelling, editorial apparatus is excluded, and the *Songs of Bastards* embedded-verse boundary remains protected.
        • Add the final staging card to Collected Poetry intake and route it through the existing Full-text & Character research authority gate. No parallel importer, schema change, publication-history change or frontend redesign is introduced; schema remains 3.12.1.
        0.82.32-alpha2026-08-31
        • Complete the Collected Poetry alternate textual-state Character/entity closure audit across all 56 currently catalogued non-principal textual states / 51 Works. The earlier 55/50 count was provisional; the fresh live brief also contains Text #2658, the eight-line earlier *Days of Glory* state created after the original Poetry intake package.
        • Add data/poetry-character-alternate-states-closure-pass2-2026-08-31.json: 86 package identity entries / 90 appearance rows, comprising 17 safe permanent-ID reuse entries + 69 ordinary new-identity proposals. All 56 states carry source_completeness=complete + character_census=exhaustive for the exact surviving/catalogued state.
        • Exact-state result after this pass: 41 positive alternate states / 15 exhaustive-negative states. Partial surviving drafts/fragments are exhaustive only for the exact material represented by their permanent Textual Version; missing/lost text is not inferred.
        • Add a documentary alternate-state closure audit and a dedicated staging card after pass 1. The generic Full-text & Character research authority remains the only path to permanent IDs/appearances.
        • Correct an over-broad documentation claim: residual principal states with zero prior appearances were exhaustively closure-reviewed, but positive principal states created by earlier selected batches are not all yet proven exhaustive. The next Poetry Character phase is therefore a positive-principal completeness audit, not a claim that all 765 states are already exact-state exhaustive.
        • Same-name safety remains strict. In particular, the poem-specific Dermod O’Connor remains a new proposal rather than being merged with the unrelated supernatural Dermod O’Connor #1701. Historical/literary identifications are made only where source context establishes them.
        • Poetry integrity remains 709 Works / 765 textual states; publication history, frontend layouts and schema 3.12.1 are unchanged.
        0.82.31-alpha2026-08-31
        • Begin the Poetry alternate textual-state Character audit after Work-level closure of all 709 poem Works.
        • Add a bundled safe carryover pass covering 33 permanent identities and 45 exact appearance rows across 25 non-principal textual states.
        • Carryover is deliberately conservative: the permanent identity must already be established in the same poem Work and the identical observed name must occur in the alternate source text. No same-name inference and no new Character creation occurs in this pass.
        • This pass is selected/additive evidence only; it does not declare any alternate textual state exhaustive. Alternate-only identities and the remaining 30 non-principal states stay open for the later closure audit.
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